The Project aims to identify the difficulties that NCS students at different stages encounter in listening and speaking of Chinese language and explicate through assessment tasks developed according to the Chinese Language Curriculum Second Language learning framework (“Learning Framework”); to develop effective ‘Assessment for learning’ strategies for teachers to employ to foster NCS students’ listening and speaking competences at primary and secondary levels; to develop rubrics/guidelines for teachers to interpret the assessment data with the Learning Framework and to provide feedback to learning and teaching.